Download CentOS. As you download and use CentOS Linux, the CentOS Project invites you to be a part of the community as a. How to verify your iso. Sep 14, 2017 - Release for CentOS Linux 7 (1708) on x86_64 Release for. Updates released since we froze the iso and install media content are posted in.
Microsoft continues turning greater attention to Linux. We can now run PowerShell on Linux, we can write .Net code for Linux, we can run MS SQL on Linux, Linux containers will run natively in Windows containers… the list just keeps growing. You’ve been able to find Linux-on-Hyper-V on that list for a while now, and the improvements have continued to roll in.
Microsoft provides direct support for Hyper-V running several Linux distributions as well as FreeBSD. If you have an organizational need for a particular distribution, then someone already made your choice for you. If you’re just getting started, then you need to make that decision yourself. I’m not a strong advocate for any particular distribution. I’ve written in the past about using Ubuntu Server as a guest. However, there are many other popular distributions available and I like to branch my knowledge.
Why Choose CentOS?
I’ve been using Red Hat’s products off and on for many years and have some degree of familiarity with them. At one time, there was simply “Red Hat Linux”. As a commercial venture attempting to remain profitable, Red Hat decided to create “Red Hat Enterprise Linux” (RHEL) which you must pay to use. With Red Hat being sensitive to the concept of free (as in what you normally think of when you hear “free”) being permanently attached to Linux in the collective conscience, they also make most of RHEL available to the CentOS Project.
One of the reasons that I chose Ubuntu was its ownership by a commercial entity. That guarantees that if you’re ever really stuck on something, there will be at least one professional entity that you can pay to assist you. CentOS doesn’t have that kind of direct backing. However, I also know (from experience) that relatively few administrators ever call support. Most that do work for bigger organizations that are paying for RHEL or the like. The rest will call some sort of service provider, like a local IT outsourcer. With that particular need mitigated, we are left with:
That hits the major points that will assure most executives that you’re making a wise decision. In the scope of Hyper-V, Microsoft’s support list specifically names CentOS. It’s even first on the list, if that matters for anything.
Stable, Yet Potentially Demanding
When you use Linux’s built-in tools to download and install software, you are working from approved repositories. Essentially, it means that someone decided that a particular package adequately measured up to a standard. Otherwise, you’d need to go elsewhere to acquire that package.
The default CentOS repositories are not large when compared to some other distributions, and do not contain recent versions of many common packages, including the Linux kernel. However, the versions offered are known to be solid and stable. If you want to use more recent versions, then you’ll need to be(come) comfortable manually adding repositories and/or acquiring, compiling, and installing software.
No GUIs Here
CentOS does make at least one GUI available, but I won’t be covering it. I don’t know if CentOS’s GUI requires 3D acceleration the way that Ubuntu’s does. If they do, then the GUI experience under Hyper-V would be miserable. However, I didn’t even attempt to use any CentOS GUIs because they’re really not valuable for anything other than your primary use desktop. If you’re new to Linux and the idea of going GUI-free bothers you, then take heart: Linux is a lot easier than you think it is. I don’t think that any of the Linux GUIs score highly enough in the usability department to meaningfully soften the blow of transition anyway.
If you’ve already read my Ubuntu article, then you’ve already more or less seen this bit. Linux is easy because pretty much everything is a file. There are only executables, data, and configuration files. Executables can be binaries or text-based script files. So, any time you need to do anything, your first goal is to figure out what executable to call. Configuration files are almost always text-based, so you only need to learn what to set in the configuration file. The Internet can always help out with that. So, really, the hardest part about using Linux is figuring out which executable(s) you need to solve whatever problem you’re facing. The Internet can help out with that as well. You’re currently reading some of that help.
Enough talk. Let’s get going with CentOS.
Downloading CentOS
You can download CentOS for free from www.centos.org. As the site was arranged on the day that I wrote this article, there was a “Get CentOS” link in the main menu at the top of the screen and a large orange button stamped “Get CentOS Now”. From there, you are presented with a few packaging options. I chose “DVD ISO” and that’s the base used in this article. I would say that if you have a Torrent application installed, choose that option. It took me quite a bit of hunting to find a fast mirror.
For reference, I downloaded CentOS-7-x86_x64-DVD-1611.iso.
How to Build a Hyper-V Virtual Machine for CentOS
There’s no GUI and CentOS is small, so don’t create a large virtual machine. These are my guidelines:
The following is a sample script that you can modify to create a Linux virtual machine in Hyper-V:
If you’re going to use this a lot, I would consider entering some defaults on the parameters so that you don’t need to enter them all each time. For instance, you’re probably not going to move your install ISO often.
You could also use your first installation as the basis for a clone. Use a generic name for the VM/VHDX if that’s your plan.
A Walkthrough of CentOS Installation
When you first boot, it will default to Test this media & install CentOS 7. I typically skip the media check and just Install CentOS Linux 7.
Choose your language:
After selecting the language, you’ll be brought to the Installation Summary screen. Wait a moment for it to detect your environment. As an example, the screenshot shows Not Ready for the Security Policy. It will change to No profile selected once it has completed its checks.
You can work through the items in any order. Anything without the warning triangle can be skipped entirely.
I start with the NETWORK & HOST NAME screen as that can have bearing on other items. When you first access the screen, it will show Disconnected because it hasn’t been configured yet. That’s different behavior from Windows, which will only show disconnected if the virtual network adapter is not connected to a virtual switch.
If you’ll be using DHCP, click the Off slider button at the top right for it to attempt to get an IP. For static or advanced configuration, click the Configure. I’ve shown the IPv4 Settings tab. Fill out that, and the others, as necessary.
Don’t forget to change the host name at the lower left of the networking screen before leaving.
After you’ve set up networking, set the DATE & TIME. If it can detect a network connection, you’ll be allowed to set the Network Time slider to On. Configure as desired.
You must click into the Installation Destination screen or the installer will not allow you to proceed. By default, it will select the entirety of the first hard drive for installation. It will automatically figure out the best way to divide storage. You can override it if you like. If you’re OK with defaults, just click Done.
Explore the other screens as you desire. I don’t set anything else on my systems. At this point, you can click Begin Installation.
While the system installs, you’ll be allowed to set the root password and create the initial user.
As you enter the password for root, the system will evaluate its strength. If it decides that the password you chose isn’t strong enough, you’ll be forced to click Done twice to confirm. The root account is the rough equivalent of the Administrator account on Windows, so do take appropriate steps to secure it with a strong password and exercise care in the keeping of that password.
The user creation screen is straightforward. It has the same password-strength behavior as the root screen.
Now just wait for the installation to complete. Click Reboot. You’ll be left at the login screen of a completely installed CentOS virtual machine:
Assuming that you created a user for yourself and made it administrator, it’s best to log in with that account. Otherwise, you can log in as root. It’s poor practice to use the root account, and even worse to leave the root account logged in.
CentOS Post-Install Wrap-Up for Hyper-V
I have a bit of a chicken-and-egg problem here. You need to do a handful of things to wrap-up, but to do that easily, it helps to know some things about Linux. If you already know about Linux, this will be no problem. Otherwise, just follow along blindly. I’ll explain more afterward. CentOS doesn’t need much, fortunately.
To make this a bit easier, you might want to wait until you’ve met PuTTY. It allows for simple copy/paste actions. Otherwise, you’ll need to type things manually or use the Paste Clipboard feature in the Hyper-V VMCONNECT window. Whatever you choose, just make sure that you follow these steps sooner rather than later.
1. Install Nano
Editing text files is a huge part of the Linux world. It’s also one of the most controversial, bordering on zealotry. “vi” is the editor of choice for a great many. Its power is unrivaled; so is its complexity. I find using vi to be one of the more miserable experiences in all of computing and I refuse to do it when given any choice. Conversely, the nano editor is about as simple as a text-editing tool can be in a character mode world and I will happily use it for everything. Install it as follows:
The command is case-sensitive and you will be prompted for your password if not logged in as root.
2. Enable Dynamic Memory In-Guest
You need to enable the Hot Add feature if you want to use Dynamic Memory with CentOS.
Start by creating a “rules” file. The location is important (/etc/udev/rules.d) but the name isn’t. I’ll just use the same one from Microsoft’s instructions:
You may be prompted for your password.
You’ll now be looking at an empty file in the nano editor. Type or paste the following:
Now press [CTRL]+[X] to exit, then press [Y] to confirm and [Enter] to confirm the filename.
At next reboot, Dynamic Memory will be functional.
3. Install Extra Hyper-V Tools
Most of the tools you need to successfully run Linux on Hyper-V are built into the CentOS distribution. There are a few additional items that you might find of interest:
To install them:
4. Change the Disk I/O Scheduler
By default, Linux wants to help optimize disk I/O. Hyper-V also wants to optimize disk I/O. Two optimizers are usually worse than none. Let’s disable CentOS’s.
You must be root for this.
You’ll be prompted for the root password.
The above will change the scheduler to “noop”, which means that CentOS will not attempt to optimize I/O for the primary hard disk. “exit” tells CentOS to exit from the root login back to your login.
Credit for the echo method goes to the authors at nixCraft.
10 Tips for Getting Started with CentOS Linux on Hyper-V
This section is for those with Windows backgrounds. If you already know Linux, you probably won’t get anything out of this section. I will write it from the perspective of a seasoned Windows user. Nothing here should be taken as a slight against Linux.
1. Text Acts Very Differently.
Above all, remember this: Linux is CaSE-SENsiTiVe.
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Password fields do not echo anything to the screen.
2. Things Go the Wrong Way
In Windows, you’re used to C: drives and D: drives and SMB shares that start with .
In Linux, everything begins with the root, which is just a single /. Absolutely everything hangs off of the root in some fashion. You don’t have a D: drive. Starting from /, you have a dev location, and drives are mounted there. For the SATA virtual drives in your Hyper-V machine, they’ll all be sda, sdb, sdc, etc. So, /dev/sdb would be the equivalent to your Windows D: drive.
Partitions are just numbers appended to the drive. sda1, sda2, etc.
Directory separators are slashes (/) not backslashes (). A directory that you’ll become familiar with is usr. It lives at /usr.
Moving around the file system should be familiar, as the Windows command line uses similar commands. Linux typically uses ls where Windows uses dir, but CentOS accepts dir. cd and mkdir work as they do on Windows. Use rm to delete things. Use cp to copy things. Use mv to move things.
Running an executable in the folder that you currently occupy by just typing its name does not work. PowerShell behaves the same way, so that may not be strange to you. Use dot and slash to run a script or binary in the same folder:
Linux doesn’t use extensions. Instead, it uses attributes. So, if you create the equivalent of a batch file and then try to execute it, Linux won’t have any idea what you want to do. You need to mark it as executable first. Do so like this:
As you might expect, -x removes the executable attribute.
The default Linux shell does have tab completion, but it’s not the same as what you find on Windows. It will only work for files and directories, for starters. Second, it doesn’t cycle through possibilities the way that PowerShell does. The first tab press works if there is only one way for the completion to work. A second tab press will show you all possible options. You can use other shells with more power than the default, although I’ve never done it.
3. Quick Help is Available
Most commands and applications have a -h and/or a –-help parameter that will give you some information on running them. –help is often more detailed than -h. You can sometimes type mancommandname to get other help (“man” is short for “manual”). It’s not as consistent as PowerShell help, but then PowerShell’s designers got to work with the benefits of hindsight and rigidly controlled design and distribution.
4. You Can Go Home
You’ve got your own home folder, which is the rough equivalent of the “My Documents” folder in Windows. It’s at the universal alias ~. So, cd~ takes you to your home folder. You can reference files in it with ~/filename.
Centos 7 1708 Iso Download Free5. Boss Mode
“root” is the equivalent of “Administrator” on Windows. But, the account you made has nearly the same powers — although not exactly on demand. You won’t have root powers until you specifically ask for them with “sudo”. It’s sort of like “Run as administrator” in Windows, but a lot easier. In fact, the first time you use sudo, the intro text tells you a little bit about it:
So basically, if you’re going to do something that needs admin powers, you just type “sudo” before the command, just like it says. The first time, it will ask for a password. It will remember it for a while after that. However, 99% of what I do is administrative stuff, so I pop myself into a sudo session that persists until I exit, like this:
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You’ll have to enter your password once, and then you’ll be in sudo mode. You can tell that you’re in sudo mode because the dollar sign in te prompt will change to a hash sign:
I only use Linux for administrative work, so I always use the account with my name on it. However, even when it’s not in sudo mode, it’s still respected as an admin-level account. If you will be using a Linux system as your primary (i.e., you’ll be logged in often), create a non-administrative account to use. You can flip to your admin account or root anytime:
Always respect the power of these accounts.
6. “Exit” Means Never Having to Say Goodbye
People accustomed to GUIs with big red Xs sometimes struggle with character mode environments. “exit” works to end any session. If you’re layered in, as in with sudo or su, you may need to type “exit” a few times. “logout” works in most, but not all contexts.
7. Single-Session is for Wimps
One of the really nifty things about Linux is multiple concurrent sessions. When you first connect, you’re in terminal 1 (tty1). Press [Alt]+[Right Arrow]. Now you’re in tty2! Keep going. 6 wraps back around to 1. [Alt]+[Left Arrow] goes the other way.
You need to be logged in to determine which terminal you’re viewing. Just type tty.
Centos 7.2 Iso Download8. Patches, Updates, and Installations, Oh My.
Pretty much all applications and OS components are “packages”. “yum” and “rpm” are your package managers. They’re a bit disjointed, but you can usually find what you need to know with a quick Internet search.
Have your system check to see if updates are available (more accurately, this checks the version data on download sources):
Install package patches and upgrades:
There’s also an “upgrade” option which goes a bit further. Update is safer, upgrade gets more.
Show all installed packages that yum knows about:
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The rpm tool shows different results, but for my uses yum is sufficient.
Find a particular installed package, in this case, “hyperv” (spelling/case counts!):
Look for available packages:
Install something (in this case, the Apache web server):
9. System Control
CentOS’s equivalent to Task Manager is top. Type top at a command prompt and you’ll be taken right to it. Use the up and down arrows and page up and page down to move through the list. Type a question mark [?] to be taken to the help menu that will show you what else you can do. Type [Q] to quit.
10. OK, I’m Done Now
If you’ve used the shutdown command in Windows, then you’ll have little trouble transitioning to Linux. shutdown tells Linux to shut down gracefully with a 1 minute timer. All active sessions get a banner telling them what’s coming.
Immediate shutdown (my favorite):
Reboot immediately:
There’s an -H switch which, if I’m reading this right, does a hard power off. I don’t use that one.
Introducing the
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Useful Tools for CentOS Linux
Manipulating your CentOS environment from the VMConnect console will get tiring quickly. Here are some tools to make managing it much easier.
Text Editors
I already showed you nano. Just type nano at any prompt and press [Enter] and you’ll be in the nano screen. The toolbar at the bottom shows you what key presses are necessary to do things, ex: [CTRL]+[X] to exit. Don’t forget to start it with sudo if you need to change protected files.
The remote text editing tool that I use is Notepad++. It is a little flaky — I sometimes get Access Denied errors with it that I don’t get in any other remote tool (setting it to Active mode seems to help a little). But, the price is hard to beat. If I run into real problems, I run things through my home folder. To connect Notepad++ to your host:
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Remember that NPP is a Windows app, and as a Windows app, it wants to save files in Windows format (I know, weird, right?). Windows expects that files encoded in human-readable formats will end lines using a carriage-return character and a linefeed character (CRLF, commonly seen escaped as rn). Linux only uses the linefeed character (LF, commonly seen escaped as n). Some things in Linux will choke if they encounter a carriage return. Any time you’re using NPP to edit a Linux file, go to Edit -> EOL Conversion -> UNIX/OSX Format.
WinSCP
WinSCP allows you to move files back and forth between your Windows machine and a Linux system. It doesn’t have the weird permissions barriers that Notepad++ struggles with, but it also doesn’t have its editing powers.
PuTTY
The biggest tool in your Linux-controlling arsenal will be PuTTY. This gem is an SSH client for Windows. SSH (secure shell) is how you remote control Linux systems. Use it instead of Hyper-V’s virtual machine connection. It’s really just a remote console. PuTTY, however, adds functionality on top of that. It can keep sessions and it gives you dead-simple copy/paste functionality. Highlight text, and it’s copied. Right-click the window, and it’s pasted at the cursor location.
Your Journey Has BegunCentos 7.6 Iso Download
From here, I leave you to explore your fresh new Linux environment. I’ll be back soon with an article on installing Nagios in CentOS so you can monitor your Hyper-V environment at no cost.
Centos 7 1708 Iso Download MacI am pleased to announce the general availability of CentOS Linux 7 (1708) for 64 bit x86 compatible machines. Effectively immediately, this is the current release for CentOS Linux 7 and is tagged as 1708, derived from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4 As always, read through the Release Notes at : http://wiki.centos.org/Manuals/ReleaseNotes/CentOS7 - these notes contain important information about the release and details about some of the content inside the release from the CentOS QA team. These notes are updated constantly to include issues and incorporate feedback from the users. ---------- Updates, Sources, and DebugInfos Updates released since we froze the iso and install media content are posted in the updates repo along with the release. This will include content from late Aug 2017 and Sept 2017, therefore anyone running a new install is highly encouraged to run a 'yum update' operation immediate on install completion. You can apply all updates, including the content released today, on your existing CentOS Linux 7/x86_64 machine by just running 'yum update'. As with all CentOS Linux 7 components, this release was built from sources hosted at git.centos.org. In addition, SRPMs that are a byproduct of the build (and also considered critical in the code and buildsys process) are being published to match every binary RPM we release. Sources will be available from vault.centos.org in their own dedicated directories to match the corresponding binary RPMs. Since there is far less traffic to the CentOS source RPMs compared with the binary RPMs, we are not putting this content on the main mirror network. If users wish to mirror this content they can do so using the reposync command available in the yum-utils package. All CentOS source RPMs are signed with the same key used to sign their binary counterparts. Developers and end users looking at inspecting and contributing patches to the CentOS Linux distro will find the code hosted at git.centos.org far simpler to work against. Details on how to best consume those are documented along with a quick start at : http://wiki.centos.org/Sources Debuginfo packages are also being signed and pushed. Yum configs shipped in the new release file will have all the context required for debuginfo to be available on every CentOS Linux install. This release supersedes all previously released content for CentOS Linux 7, and therefore we highly encourage all users to upgrade their machines. Information on different upgrade strategies and how to handle stale content is included in the Release Notes. Note that older content, obsoleted by newer versions of the same applications are trim'd off from repos like Extras/ and Plus/ However this time we have also extended this to the sIG content hosted at mirror.centos.org, and some older End of Life content has been dropped. Everything we ever release, is always available on the vault service for people still looking for and have a real need for it. ---------- Download In order to conserve donor bandwidth, and to make it possible to get the mirror content sync'd out as soon as possible, we recommend using torrents to get your initial installer images: Details on the images are available on the mirrors at http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/isos/x86_64/0_README.txt - that file clearly highlights the difference in the images, and when one might be more suitable than the others. The sizes, sha256 sums for the ISO files: ec7500d4b006702af6af023b1f8f1b890b6c7ee54400bb98cef968b883cd6546 CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1708.iso ( 4.2G) 8593f5a1631ebfb7581193a7b4ef96d44f500d3ceb49cc4cfbfd71d5698e4173 CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1708.iso ( 8.1G) 9941f5e1257d74e763652ceae5096ed73ddc94a9703ae116931d8713b801fec0 CentOS-7-x86_64-LiveGNOME-1708.iso ( 1.2G) 4ba63634a8430d134d8a9535c62ff1341c33c898fb1c768a0c6e54fbc92a9133 CentOS-7-x86_64-LiveKDE-1708.iso ( 1.7G) bba314624956961a2ea31dd460cd860a77911c1e0a56e4820a12b9c5dad363f5 CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1708.iso ( 792 M) fe3d960cce4d2c1c9f1b66817fe87cc0ee1a1c6c5dd126204cb5c33d51a45620 CentOS-7-x86_64-NetInstall-1708.iso ( 422 M) Information for the torrent files and sums are available at http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/isos/x86_64 -------- Additional Images The container, Vagrant, Cloud and Atomic Host images are being prepared and will be released in the next few days. Look for an announcement Comments are closed.
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